[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.beautyline.cz\/nanotechnologie\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.beautyline.cz\/nanotechnologie\/","headline":"Nanotechnologie","name":"Nanotechnologie","description":"\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Za nanotechnologii se pova\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje o velikosti nanometr\u016f, co\u017e je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jedna tis\u00edcina tlou\u0161\u0165ky lidsk\u00e9ho vlasu. Jedn\u00e1 se o studium technologi\u00ed o atom\u00e1rn\u00ed nebo molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed velikosti. Tak\u00e9 se zde uplat\u0148uj\u00ed kvantov\u011b-mechanick\u00e9 jevy, kter\u00e9 jsou pouh\u00fdm okem neviditeln\u00e9, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e se n\u00e1m otev\u00edraj\u00ed nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti ve kvantov\u00e9 fyzice, magnetick\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed, elektronice, v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed technice nebo […]","datePublished":"2020-02-10","dateModified":"2020-02-10","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.beautyline.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.beautyline.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/29b4b7cf61bc7f4a3cff4e7146cbe3cb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/29b4b7cf61bc7f4a3cff4e7146cbe3cb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"beautyline.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.beautyline.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a371391_w3122_t1582799978.png","url":"https:\/\/www.beautyline.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a371391_w3122_t1582799978.png","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.beautyline.cz\/nanotechnologie\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":512,"articleBody":"\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Za nanotechnologii se pova\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje o velikosti nanometr\u016f, co\u017e je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jedna tis\u00edcina tlou\u0161\u0165ky lidsk\u00e9ho vlasu. Jedn\u00e1 se o studium technologi\u00ed o atom\u00e1rn\u00ed nebo molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed velikosti. Tak\u00e9 se zde uplat\u0148uj\u00ed kvantov\u011b-mechanick\u00e9 jevy, kter\u00e9 jsou pouh\u00fdm okem neviditeln\u00e9, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e se n\u00e1m otev\u00edraj\u00ed nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti ve kvantov\u00e9 fyzice, magnetick\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed, elektronice, v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed technice nebo tak\u00e9 v\u00a0optice a dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch oblastech.\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Jako jeden ze zakladatel\u016f nanotechnologie se pova\u017euje nap\u0159\u00edklad Richard Freyman, kter\u00fd se o tom poprv\u00e9 zm\u00ednil na sv\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce roku 1959 v\u00a0Caltechu (Kalifornsk\u00fd technologick\u00fd institut) na v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed sch\u016fzi Americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti fyzik\u016f. Jeho p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka nesla n\u00e1zev Tam dole je spousta m\u00edsta.\tNanotechnologie v\u00a0elektronice\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech se na v\u00fdzkum nanotechnologii v\u00a0elektronice klade velk\u00fd d\u016fraz. Dokonce v\u00a0roce 2007 z\u00edskal Nobelovu cenu za objev magnetick\u00e9 rezistence (GMR) Albert Fert a Peter Gr\u00fcnberg v\u00a0oblasti fyziky. GMR je ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho odporu l\u00e1tky za pomoc\u00ed interakc\u00ed spinu elektronu s magnetizac\u00ed materi\u00e1lu v\u00a0nanostruktur\u00e1ch. Tento objev je pr\u016flomov\u00fd v\u00a0oblasti nov\u00e9 generace po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch pam\u011bt\u00ed a n\u00e1pomocen ve v\u00fdvoji senzor\u016f p\u0159i n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed mozku.\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Na rozvoji se tak\u00e9 pod\u00edl\u00ed \u010desk\u00fd fyzik Zden\u011bk Slanina, ten navrhl v\u00a0tuzemsku koncept molekulov\u00e9 elektroniky na b\u00e1zi uhl\u00edkat\u00fdch nanotechnologii ji\u017e roku 1988, a d\u00e1l jej rozv\u00edj\u00ed i v\u00a0z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed.\t\tNanotechnologie v\u00a0medic\u00edn\u011b\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zat\u00edm co v\u00a0elektronice se tento druh pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u\u017e celkem b\u011b\u017en\u011b, v\u00a0medic\u00edn\u011b je v\u0161e zat\u00edm ve f\u00e1zi testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Uva\u017euje se zat\u00edm o p\u00e1r technologi\u00ed, z\u00a0toho jednou z\u00a0nich je pou\u017eit\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f se speci\u00e1ln\u00ed strukturou na nanoskopick\u00e9 \u00farovni. Postup by m\u011bl b\u00fdt takov\u00fd, \u017ee nanoobaly by vyhledali bu\u0148ku, nabouraly by se do n\u00ed, uvolnily l\u00e9k a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se nechaly bu\u0148kou odstranit.\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dal\u0161\u00ed vyn\u00e1lez by se dal pova\u017eovat ji\u017e za nanostroj, kter\u00fd by vytvo\u0159il tunel skrz cytoplazmatickou membr\u00e1nu a bun\u011b\u010dnou st\u011bnu a umo\u017enil by tak p\u0159\u00edstup ur\u010dit\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m. Tedy l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se v\u00a0t\u011ble b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed, by se dovnit\u0159 nedostaly. Naopak ty, kter\u00e9 by obsahovaly ur\u010ditou slo\u017eku, um\u011ble do nich vlo\u017eenou, by nem\u011bly probl\u00e9m se do bu\u0148ky dostat.\tRizika\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Podle skupiny \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f nano\u010d\u00e1stice snadno pronikaj\u00ed do na\u0161eho t\u011bla, jsou biologicky aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice a d\u00e9le p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed v\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde se i hromad\u00ed. T\u011bmito riziky se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 toxikologie, kter\u00e1 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee v\u00a0mal\u00fdch rozm\u011brech doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u011b vlastnost\u00ed l\u00e1tek. Tedy l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 byly nejprve ne\u0161kodn\u00e9, se mohou zm\u011bnit na \u0161kodliv\u00e9.\u00a0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Nanotechnologie","item":"https:\/\/www.beautyline.cz\/nanotechnologie\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]